add @SpirvType builtin

[alichraghi]

This adds a new builtin to the language. @SpirvType makes it possible to create a few specific SPIR-V types like OpTypeImage and OpTypeRuntimeArray in a global scope. the usecase can be commonly found in any shader with textures or storage buffers

Resolves #20550

[mlugg]

I don't understand why this is a separate builtin rather than just being a new field in std.builtin.Type. (I'm aware you were having trouble making the compiler happy with that, but that shouldn't impact language decisions!)

The fact that @typeInfo(@SpirvType(...)) == .@"opaque" is quite odd.

Your InternPool.Key.SpirvType implementation is missing any information differentiating distinct @SpirvType calls at the same site, which suggests inadequate testing; try this:

fn SpirvType(info: std.builtin.SpirvType) type {
    return @SpirvType(info);
}
test {
    const T1 = SpirvType(something);
    const T2 = SpirvType(something_else);
    comptime assert(T1 != T2); // <-- this assertion will fail
}

[alichraghi]

The reason i made it a different builtin is because #10710 is accepted.

The fact that @typeinfo(@SpirvType(...)) == .@"opaque" is quite odd.

these types are stated as opaque in SPIR-V spec and also behaves quite similar (with an exception for allowing the struct {e: @SpirvType(.runtime_array)} case). but i'm not against at adding asmtype.

Your InternPool.Key.SpirvType implementation is missing any information differentiating distinct @SpirvType calls at the same site, which suggests inadequate testing; try this:

oh i thought a builtin call would always result a new zir_index. thanks

[mlugg]

i thought a built-in call would always result in a new zir_index

In that case, to avoid confusion, let me just explain what that is for you. zir_index is a TrackedInst.Index, which, for all intents and purposes, is like a tuple of { FileIndex, Zir.Inst.Index }. (The difference compared to literally just storing those two things is that a TrackedInst.Index is stable across incremental updates, even if things move around in the underlying file.) So, zir_index is just a reference to a ZIR instruction, and those references -- like everything in the InternPool -- are intentionally deduplicated.

[Snektron]

I don't understand why this is a separate builtin rather than just being a new field in std.builtin.Type. (I'm aware you were having trouble making the compiler happy with that, but that shouldn't impact language decisions!)

I don't feel good about adding SPIR-V types to the language because there are quite a few of them, and not all of them are even accepted by the SPIR-V standard. Vendors are allowed to add SPIR-V types, and so choosing a method that ties SPIR-V types to Zig causes a moving target and language bloat with types that shouldn't be there.

[alichraghi]

Closing in favor of different idea