BUG/API: preserve non-nano in factorize/unique

doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst

@@ -767,6 +767,7 @@ Other API changes
 - Division by zero with :class:`ArrowDtype` dtypes returns ``-inf``, ``nan``, or ``inf`` depending on the numerator, instead of raising (:issue:`51541`)
 - Added :func:`pandas.api.types.is_any_real_numeric_dtype` to check for real numeric dtypes (:issue:`51152`)
 - :meth:`~arrays.ArrowExtensionArray.value_counts` now returns data with :class:`ArrowDtype` with ``pyarrow.int64`` type instead of ``"Int64"`` type (:issue:`51462`)
+- :func:`factorize` and :func:`unique` preserve the original dtype when passed numpy timedelta64 or datetime64 with non-nanosecond resolution (:issue:`48670`)
 
 .. note::
 

pandas/core/algorithms.py

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 from pandas.core.dtypes.cast import (
     construct_1d_object_array_from_listlike,
     infer_dtype_from_array,
-    sanitize_to_nanoseconds,
 )
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
     ensure_float64,
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@
     is_bool_dtype,
     is_categorical_dtype,
     is_complex_dtype,
-    is_datetime64_dtype,
     is_dict_like,
     is_extension_array_dtype,
     is_float_dtype,
@@ -56,7 +54,6 @@
     is_object_dtype,
     is_scalar,
     is_signed_integer_dtype,
-    is_timedelta64_dtype,
     needs_i8_conversion,
 )
 from pandas.core.dtypes.concat import concat_compat
@@ -175,8 +172,6 @@ def _ensure_data(values: ArrayLike) -> np.ndarray:
 
     # datetimelike
     elif needs_i8_conversion(values.dtype):
-        if isinstance(values, np.ndarray):
-            values = sanitize_to_nanoseconds(values)
         npvalues = values.view("i8")
         npvalues = cast(np.ndarray, npvalues)
         return npvalues
@@ -214,11 +209,6 @@ def _reconstruct_data(
         values = cls._from_sequence(values, dtype=dtype)
 
     else:
-        if is_datetime64_dtype(dtype):
-            dtype = np.dtype("datetime64[ns]")
-        elif is_timedelta64_dtype(dtype):
-            dtype = np.dtype("timedelta64[ns]")
-
         values = values.astype(dtype, copy=False)
 
     return values
@@ -769,7 +759,8 @@ def factorize(
         codes, uniques = values.factorize(sort=sort)
         return codes, uniques
 
-    elif not isinstance(values.dtype, np.dtype):
+    elif not isinstance(values, np.ndarray):
+        # i.e. ExtensionArray
         codes, uniques = values.factorize(use_na_sentinel=use_na_sentinel)
 
     else:

pandas/core/dtypes/cast.py

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
     OutOfBoundsTimedelta,
     Timedelta,
     Timestamp,
-    astype_overflowsafe,
     get_unit_from_dtype,
     is_supported_unit,
 )
@@ -42,8 +41,6 @@
 )
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
-    DT64NS_DTYPE,
-    TD64NS_DTYPE,
     ensure_int8,
     ensure_int16,
     ensure_int32,
@@ -1232,23 +1229,6 @@ def maybe_cast_to_datetime(
         return dta
 
 
-def sanitize_to_nanoseconds(values: np.ndarray, copy: bool = False) -> np.ndarray:
-    """
-    Safely convert non-nanosecond datetime64 or timedelta64 values to nanosecond.
-    """
-    dtype = values.dtype
-    if dtype.kind == "M" and dtype != DT64NS_DTYPE:
-        values = astype_overflowsafe(values, dtype=DT64NS_DTYPE)
-
-    elif dtype.kind == "m" and dtype != TD64NS_DTYPE:
-        values = astype_overflowsafe(values, dtype=TD64NS_DTYPE)
-
-    elif copy:
-        values = values.copy()
-
-    return values
-
-
 def _ensure_nanosecond_dtype(dtype: DtypeObj) -> None:
     """
     Convert dtypes with granularity less than nanosecond to nanosecond

pandas/core/tools/datetimes.py

@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ def _convert_and_box_cache(
     """
     from pandas import Series
 
-    result = Series(arg).map(cache_array)
+    result = Series(arg, dtype=cache_array.index.dtype).map(cache_array)
     return _box_as_indexlike(result._values, utc=False, name=name)
 
 

pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/methods/test_factorize.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import numpy as np
+import pytest
 
 from pandas import (
     DatetimeIndex,
@@ -105,3 +106,20 @@ def test_factorize_dst(self, index_or_series):
         tm.assert_index_equal(res, idx)
         if index_or_series is Index:
             assert res.freq == idx.freq
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sort", [True, False])
+    def test_factorize_no_freq_non_nano(self, tz_naive_fixture, sort):
+        # GH#51978 case that does not go through the fastpath based on
+        #  non-None freq
+        tz = tz_naive_fixture
+        idx = date_range("2016-11-06", freq="H", periods=5, tz=tz)[[0, 4, 1, 3, 2]]
+        exp_codes, exp_uniques = idx.factorize(sort=sort)
+
+        res_codes, res_uniques = idx.as_unit("s").factorize(sort=sort)
+
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(res_codes, exp_codes)
+        tm.assert_index_equal(res_uniques, exp_uniques.as_unit("s"))
+
+        res_codes, res_uniques = idx.as_unit("s").to_series().factorize(sort=sort)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(res_codes, exp_codes)
+        tm.assert_index_equal(res_uniques, exp_uniques.as_unit("s"))

pandas/tests/io/parser/test_parse_dates.py

@@ -1657,8 +1657,8 @@ def date_parser(dt, time):
     datetimes = np.array(["2013-11-03T19:00:00"] * 3, dtype="datetime64[s]")
     expected = DataFrame(
         data={"rxstatus": ["00E80000"] * 3},
-        index=MultiIndex.from_tuples(
-            [(datetimes[0], 126), (datetimes[1], 23), (datetimes[2], 13)],
+        index=MultiIndex.from_arrays(
+            [datetimes, [126, 23, 13]],
             names=["datetime", "prn"],
         ),
     )

pandas/tests/test_algos.py

@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ def test_object_factorize(self, writable):
 
     def test_datetime64_factorize(self, writable):
         # GH35650 Verify whether read-only datetime64 array can be factorized
-        data = np.array([np.datetime64("2020-01-01T00:00:00.000")])
+        data = np.array([np.datetime64("2020-01-01T00:00:00.000")], dtype="M8[ns]")
         data.setflags(write=writable)
         expected_codes = np.array([0], dtype=np.intp)
         expected_uniques = np.array(
@@ -620,13 +620,13 @@ def test_datetime64_dtype_array_returned(self):
     def test_datetime_non_ns(self):
         a = np.array(["2000", "2000", "2001"], dtype="datetime64[s]")
         result = pd.unique(a)
-        expected = np.array(["2000", "2001"], dtype="datetime64[ns]")
+        expected = np.array(["2000", "2001"], dtype="datetime64[s]")
         tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
 
     def test_timedelta_non_ns(self):
         a = np.array(["2000", "2000", "2001"], dtype="timedelta64[s]")
         result = pd.unique(a)
-        expected = np.array([2000000000000, 2001000000000], dtype="timedelta64[ns]")
+        expected = np.array([2000, 2001], dtype="timedelta64[s]")
         tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
 
     def test_timedelta64_dtype_array_returned(self):

pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py

@@ -1076,31 +1076,39 @@ def test_to_datetime_array_of_dt64s(self, cache, unit):
         # Assuming all datetimes are in bounds, to_datetime() returns
         # an array that is equal to Timestamp() parsing
         result = to_datetime(dts, cache=cache)
-        expected = DatetimeIndex([Timestamp(x).asm8 for x in dts], dtype="M8[ns]")
+        if cache:
+            # FIXME: behavior should not depend on cache
+            expected = DatetimeIndex([Timestamp(x).asm8 for x in dts], dtype="M8[s]")
+        else:
+            expected = DatetimeIndex([Timestamp(x).asm8 for x in dts], dtype="M8[ns]")
+
         tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
 
         # A list of datetimes where the last one is out of bounds
         dts_with_oob = dts + [np.datetime64("9999-01-01")]
 
-        msg = "Out of bounds nanosecond timestamp: 9999-01-01 00:00:00"
-        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
-            to_datetime(dts_with_oob, errors="raise")
+        # As of GH#?? we do not raise in this case
+        to_datetime(dts_with_oob, errors="raise")
 
-        tm.assert_index_equal(
-            to_datetime(dts_with_oob, errors="coerce", cache=cache),
-            DatetimeIndex(
+        result = to_datetime(dts_with_oob, errors="coerce", cache=cache)
+        if not cache:
+            # FIXME: shouldn't depend on cache!
+            expected = DatetimeIndex(
                 [Timestamp(dts_with_oob[0]).asm8, Timestamp(dts_with_oob[1]).asm8] * 30
                 + [NaT],
-            ),
-        )
+            )
+        else:
+            expected = DatetimeIndex(np.array(dts_with_oob, dtype="M8[s]"))
+        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
 
         # With errors='ignore', out of bounds datetime64s
         # are converted to their .item(), which depending on the version of
         # numpy is either a python datetime.datetime or datetime.date
-        tm.assert_index_equal(
-            to_datetime(dts_with_oob, errors="ignore", cache=cache),
-            Index(dts_with_oob),
-        )
+        result = to_datetime(dts_with_oob, errors="ignore", cache=cache)
+        if not cache:
+            # FIXME: shouldn't depend on cache!
+            expected = Index(dts_with_oob)
+        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
 
     def test_out_of_bounds_errors_ignore(self):
         # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/50587