BUG: AttributeError: Can only use .cat accessor with a 'category' dtype

[YarShev]

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Reproducible Example

import pandas
import modin.pandas as pd
import modin.config as cfg

cfg.MinPartitionSize.put(2)

data = {"name": ["abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl"]}
pandas_df = pandas.DataFrame(data)
pandas_df = pandas_df.astype("category")
modin_df = pd.DataFrame(data)
modin_df = modin_df.astype("category")
print(pandas_df["name"].cat.codes)
# 0    0
# 1    1
# 2    2
# 3    3
# dtype: int8
print(modin_df["name"].cat.codes)
# AttributeError: Can only use .cat accessor with a 'category' dtype

Issue Description

We use pandas.concat to concatenate dfs and apply a function to them along a full axis. If dfs have columns of "category" dtype, then after dfs are concatenated the resultant dtype will not be "category". See details in pandas-dev/pandas#51362. That's why we see the error when calling .cat.

Expected Behavior

Should match pandas.

Error Logs

Replace this line with the error backtrace (if applicable).

Installed Versions

Replace this line with the output of pd.show_versions()