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WSO2 API Manager XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability

Critical severity GitHub Reviewed Published May 5, 2025 to the GitHub Advisory Database • Updated May 5, 2025

Package

maven org.wso2.am:am-distribution-parent (Maven)

Affected versions

< 2.1.0

Patched versions

2.1.0

Description

An XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability exists in the gateway component of WSO2 API Manager due to insufficient validation of XML input in crafted URL paths. User-supplied XML is parsed without appropriate restrictions, enabling external entity resolution.

This vulnerability can be exploited by an unauthenticated remote attacker to read files from the server’s filesystem or perform denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.

  • On systems running JDK 7 or early JDK 8, full file contents may be exposed.

  • On later versions of JDK 8 and newer, only the first line of a file may be read, due to improvements in XML parser behavior.

  • DoS attacks such as "Billion Laughs" payloads can cause service disruption.

References

Published by the National Vulnerability Database May 5, 2025
Published to the GitHub Advisory Database May 5, 2025
Reviewed May 5, 2025
Last updated May 5, 2025

Severity

Critical

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

EPSS score

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

This score estimates the probability of this vulnerability being exploited within the next 30 days. Data provided by FIRST.
(18th percentile)

Weaknesses

CVE ID

CVE-2025-2905

GHSA ID

GHSA-h94w-8qhg-3xmc

Source code

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