diff --git a/mypy/config_parser.py b/mypy/config_parser.py
index 94427a347779..0e033471d2e9 100644
--- a/mypy/config_parser.py
+++ b/mypy/config_parser.py
@@ -55,8 +55,10 @@ def parse_version(v: str | float) -> tuple[int, int]:
 def try_split(v: str | Sequence[str], split_regex: str = "[,]") -> list[str]:
     """Split and trim a str or list of str into a list of str"""
     if isinstance(v, str):
-        return [p.strip() for p in re.split(split_regex, v)]
-
+        items = [p.strip() for p in re.split(split_regex, v)]
+        if items and items[-1] == "":
+            items.pop(-1)
+        return items
     return [p.strip() for p in v]
 
 
diff --git a/test-data/unit/check-custom-plugin.test b/test-data/unit/check-custom-plugin.test
index db2ea2d5e659..feb135bee165 100644
--- a/test-data/unit/check-custom-plugin.test
+++ b/test-data/unit/check-custom-plugin.test
@@ -1098,3 +1098,15 @@ reveal_type(1)  # N: Revealed type is "Literal[1]?"
 [file mypy.ini]
 \[mypy]
 plugins=<ROOT>/test-data/unit/plugins/custom_errorcode.py
+
+
+[case testPyprojectPluginsTrailingComma]
+# flags: --config-file tmp/pyproject.toml
+[file pyproject.toml]
+# This test checks that trailing commas in string-based `plugins` are allowed.
+\[tool.mypy]
+plugins = """
+  <ROOT>/test-data/unit/plugins/function_sig_hook.py,
+  <ROOT>/test-data/unit/plugins/method_in_decorator.py,
+"""
+[out]
diff --git a/test-data/unit/cmdline.pyproject.test b/test-data/unit/cmdline.pyproject.test
index 57e6facad032..f9691ba245f9 100644
--- a/test-data/unit/cmdline.pyproject.test
+++ b/test-data/unit/cmdline.pyproject.test
@@ -133,3 +133,96 @@ Neither is this!
 description = "Factory ⸻ A code generator 🏭"
 \[tool.mypy]
 [file x.py]
+
+[case testPyprojectFilesTrailingComma]
+# cmd: mypy
+[file pyproject.toml]
+\[tool.mypy]
+# We combine multiple tests in a single one here, because these tests are slow.
+files = """
+  a.py,
+  b.py,
+"""
+always_true = """
+  FLAG_A1,
+  FLAG_B1,
+"""
+always_false = """
+  FLAG_A2,
+  FLAG_B2,
+"""
+[file a.py]
+x: str = 'x'  # ok'
+
+# --always-true
+FLAG_A1 = False
+FLAG_B1 = False
+if not FLAG_A1:  # unreachable
+    x: int = 'x'
+if not FLAG_B1:  # unreachable
+    y: int = 'y'
+
+# --always-false
+FLAG_A2 = True
+FLAG_B2 = True
+if FLAG_A2:  # unreachable
+    x: int = 'x'
+if FLAG_B2:  # unreachable
+    y: int = 'y'
+[file b.py]
+y: int = 'y'  # E: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "int")
+[file c.py]
+# This should not trigger any errors, because it is not included:
+z: int = 'z'
+[out]
+
+[case testPyprojectModulesTrailingComma]
+# cmd: mypy
+[file pyproject.toml]
+\[tool.mypy]
+# We combine multiple tests in a single one here, because these tests are slow.
+modules = """
+  a,
+  b,
+"""
+disable_error_code = """
+  operator,
+  import,
+"""
+enable_error_code = """
+  redundant-expr,
+  ignore-without-code,
+"""
+[file a.py]
+x: str = 'x'  # ok
+
+# --enable-error-code
+a: int = 'a'  # type: ignore
+
+# --disable-error-code
+'a' + 1
+[file b.py]
+y: int = 'y'
+[file c.py]
+# This should not trigger any errors, because it is not included:
+z: int = 'z'
+[out]
+b.py:1: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "int")
+a.py:4: error: "type: ignore" comment without error code (consider "type: ignore[assignment]" instead)
+
+[case testPyprojectPackagesTrailingComma]
+# cmd: mypy
+[file pyproject.toml]
+\[tool.mypy]
+packages = """
+  a,
+  b,
+"""
+[file a/__init__.py]
+x: str = 'x'  # ok
+[file b/__init__.py]
+y: int = 'y'  # E: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "int")
+[file c/__init__.py]
+# This should not trigger any errors, because it is not included:
+z: int = 'z'
+[out]
diff --git a/test-data/unit/cmdline.test b/test-data/unit/cmdline.test
index f298f6dbe2df..b9da5883c793 100644
--- a/test-data/unit/cmdline.test
+++ b/test-data/unit/cmdline.test
@@ -1342,6 +1342,38 @@ always_true =
   MY_VAR,
 [out]
 
+[case testCmdlineCfgModulesTrailingComma]
+# cmd: mypy
+[file mypy.ini]
+\[mypy]
+modules =
+  a,
+  b,
+[file a.py]
+x: str = 'x'  # ok
+[file b.py]
+y: int = 'y'  # E: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "int")
+[file c.py]
+# This should not trigger any errors, because it is not included:
+z: int = 'z'
+[out]
+
+[case testCmdlineCfgPackagesTrailingComma]
+# cmd: mypy
+[file mypy.ini]
+\[mypy]
+packages =
+  a,
+  b,
+[file a/__init__.py]
+x: str = 'x'  # ok
+[file b/__init__.py]
+y: int = 'y'  # E: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "int")
+[file c/__init__.py]
+# This should not trigger any errors, because it is not included:
+z: int = 'z'
+[out]
+
 [case testTypeVarTupleUnpackEnabled]
 # cmd: mypy --enable-incomplete-feature=TypeVarTuple --enable-incomplete-feature=Unpack a.py
 [file a.py]