pip install A~=x.y A~=x.y.0 fails if A==x.z.0 (z>y) exists

[idanmiara]

Description

Say there is a pip package A with versions 1.20.0, 1.20.1, 1.22.5 why would the following code fails? (example with boto3 but not specific to that pacakge)

pip install boto3~=1.20 boto3~=1.20.0

pip tries to install 1.22.5 which doesn't satisfy both conditions.
Whereas 1.20.1 does satisfy both conditions, and the following does install successfully:

pip install boto3~=1.20 boto3~=1.20.0 boto3==1.20.1

This bug comes into effect when I have code that depends on packages X, Y:
package X that depends on boto3~=1.20
package Y that depends on boto3~=1.20.0
And I couldn't find a way to install X and Y.

Expected behavior

pip install boto3~=1.20 boto3~=1.20.0 would install the latest boto3~=1.20.*

pip version

22.0.4

Python version

3.9.7

OS

MacOS

How to Reproduce

pyenv install 3.9.7
pyenv virtualenv 3.9.7 test_3.9.7
pyenv local test_3.9.7
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install boto3~=1.20 boto3~=1.20.0

Output

Collecting boto3~=1.20
  Using cached boto3-1.22.5-py3-none-any.whl (132 kB)
Collecting jmespath<2.0.0,>=0.7.1
  Using cached jmespath-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)
Collecting botocore<1.26.0,>=1.25.5
  Using cached botocore-1.25.5-py3-none-any.whl (8.7 MB)
Collecting s3transfer<0.6.0,>=0.5.0
  Using cached s3transfer-0.5.2-py3-none-any.whl (79 kB)
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/idan.miara/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/envs/test_3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 167, in exc_logging_wrapper
    status = run_func(*args)
  File "/Users/idan.miara/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/envs/test_3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 205, in wrapper
    return func(self, options, args)
  File "/Users/idan.miara/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/envs/test_3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 339, in run
    requirement_set = resolver.resolve(
  File "/Users/idan.miara/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/envs/test_3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py", line 94, in resolve
    result = self._result = resolver.resolve(
  File "/Users/idan.miara/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/envs/test_3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 481, in resolve
    state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
  File "/Users/idan.miara/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/envs/test_3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 373, in resolve
    failure_causes = self._attempt_to_pin_criterion(name)
  File "/Users/idan.miara/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/envs/test_3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 227, in _attempt_to_pin_criterion
    raise InconsistentCandidate(candidate, criterion)
pip._vendor.resolvelib.resolvers.InconsistentCandidate: Provided candidate LinkCandidate('https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dd/19/6f4569fc387acb868a60fdc22632a6ee038533f416babd3eff7a8f52edeb/boto3-1.22.5-py3-none-any.whl#sha256=e6b4a4970cb9210d455f348577d9e0485f86c44baf278b8220e8ab5587d03470 (from https://pypi.org/simple/boto3/) (requires-python:>= 3.6)') does not satisfy SpecifierRequirement('boto3~=1.20'), SpecifierRequirement('boto3~=1.20.0')

### Code of Conduct

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[uranusjr]

Duplicate of #9613

[idanmiara]

Thanks @uranusjr I appreciate your prompt response!